A combination of publicly available databases and peer-reviewed articles were used in the programming of this statistical model. Below are the references. Don’t hesitate to reach out to [email protected] if you have suggestions for improving the model.
All Causes
- ENLACE: Data Portal on Noncommunicable Diseases, Mental Health, and External Causes: https://www.paho.org/en/enlace
- Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) > State Health Facts > Health Status: https://www.kff.org/state-category/health-status/
- Acciai F, Noah AJ, Firebaugh G. Pinpointing the sources of the Asian mortality advantage in the USA. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015 Oct;69(10):1006-11. doi: 10.1136/jech-2015-205623. Epub 2015 Jun 1. PMID: 26034046; PMCID: PMC4567918.
- Hastings KG, Jose PO, Kapphahn KI, Frank ATH, Goldstein BA, Thompson CA, et al. (2015) Leading Causes of Death among Asian American Subgroups (2003–2011). PLoS ONE 10(4): e0124341. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124341
- Stringhini S, Carmeli C, Jokela M, Avendaño M, Muennig P, Guida F, Ricceri F, d’Errico A, Barros H, Bochud M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Costa G, Delpierre C, Fraga S, Goldberg M, Giles GG, Krogh V, Kelly-Irving M, Layte R, Lasserre AM, Marmot MG, Preisig M, Shipley MJ, Vollenweider P, Zins M, Kawachi I, Steptoe A, Mackenbach JP, Vineis P, Kivimäki M; LIFEPATH consortium. Socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1·7 million men and women. Lancet. 2017 Mar 25;389(10075):1229-1237. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32380-7.
- Brita Roy et al. “Education, Race/Ethnicity, and Causes of Premature Mortality Among Middle-Aged Adults in 4 US Urban Communities: Results From CARDIA, 1985–2017”, American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): pp. 530-536. doi: PMID: 32078342
- Esser MB, Sherk A, Liu Y, et al. Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost From Excessive Alcohol Use — United States, 2011–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:981–987. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6930a1
- Nontarak J, Geater AF, Assanangkornchai S, Aekplakorn W. Expected Years Of Life Lost Due To Alcohol Consumption In Thai Adults: A 16-Year Follow-Up Cohort Of National Health Examination Survey 2004-2019. Alcohol Alcohol. 2022 Jul 9;57(4):490-499. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agab075. PMID: 34871346.
- Shaw M, Mitchell R, Dorling D. Time for a smoke? One cigarette reduces your life by 11 minutes. BMJ. 2000 Jan 1;320(7226):53. doi: PMID: 10617536; PMCID: PMC1117323.
- Reimers CD, Knapp G, Reimers AK. Does physical activity increase life expectancy? A review of the literature. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:243958. doi: 10.1155/2012/243958. Epub 2012 Jul 1. PMID: 22811911; PMCID: PMC3395188.
- Krishnan Bhaskaran, Isabel dos-Santos-Silva, David A Leon, Ian J Douglas, Liam Smeeth. Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study of 3·6 million adults in the UK. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, ISSN: 2213-8587, Vol: 6, Issue: 12, 2018, Page: 944-953. ISSN 2213-8587, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30288-2.
- Feary JR, Rodrigues LC, Smith CJ, Hubbard RB, Gibson JE. Prevalence of major comorbidities in subjects with COPD and incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke: a comprehensive analysis using data from primary care. Thorax. 2010 Nov;65(11):956-62. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.128082. Epub 2010 Sep 25. PMID: 20871122.
- Yang, P., Zheng, Y., Chen, J. et al. Immediate risk of non-cancer deaths after a cancer diagnosis. BMC Cancer 21, 963 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08707-6
Cardiovascular Diseases
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31992061/
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- Banks, E., Joshy, G., Korda, R.J. et al. Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study. BMC Med 17, 128 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1351-4
- Aune D, Schlesinger S, Hamer M, Norat T, Riboli E. Physical activity and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020 Jul 6;20(1):318. doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01531-z. PMID: 32631241; PMCID: PMC7336483.
- Khan SS, Ning H, Wilkins JT, Allen N, Carnethon M, Berry JD, Sweis RN, Lloyd-Jones DM. Association of Body Mass Index With Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Compression of Morbidity. JAMA Cardiol. 2018 Apr 1;3(4):280-287. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0022. PMID: 29490333; PMCID: PMC5875319.
- Roh, L., Braun, J., Chiolero, A. et al. Mortality risk associated with underweight: a census-linked cohort of 31,578 individuals with up to 32 years of follow-up. BMC Public Health 14, 371 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-371
- Wu CY, Hu HY, Chou YJ, Huang N, Chou YC, Li CP. High Blood Pressure and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortalities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Nov;94(47):e2160. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002160. PMID: 26632749; PMCID: PMC5059018.
- Wan EYF, Yu EYT, Chin WY, Fong DYT, Choi EPH, Lam CLK. Association of Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Disease in Hong Kong Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension. 2019 Aug;74(2):331-340. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13123. Epub 2019 Jun 24. PMID: 31230539; PMCID: PMC6635057.
- Petursson H, Sigurdsson JA, Bengtsson C, Nilsen TI, Getz L. Is the use of cholesterol in mortality risk algorithms in clinical guidelines valid? Ten years prospective data from the Norwegian HUNT 2 study. J Eval Clin Pract. 2012 Feb;18(1):159-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01767.x. Epub 2011 Sep 25. PMID: 21951982; PMCID: PMC3303886.
- Lloyd-Jones DM, Nam BH, D’Agostino RB Sr, Levy D, Murabito JM, Wang TJ, Wilson PW, O’Donnell CJ. Parental cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults: a prospective study of parents and offspring. JAMA. 2004 May 12;291(18):2204-11. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.18.2204. PMID: 15138242.
- Hamad R, Penko J, Kazi DS, Coxson P, Guzman D, Wei PC, Mason A, Wang EA, Goldman L, Fiscella K, Bibbins-Domingo K. Association of Low Socioeconomic Status With Premature Coronary Heart Disease in US Adults. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Aug 1;5(8):899-908. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1458. PMID: 32459344; PMCID: PMC7254448.
- Khan SS, Ning H, Sinha A, Wilkins J, Allen NB, Vu THT, et al. Cigarette smoking and competing risks for fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease subtypes across the life course. J Am Heart Assoc. (2021) 10:e021751. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.021751
- Franco OH, Peeters A, Bonneux L, de Laet C. Blood pressure in adulthood and life expectancy with cardiovascular disease in men and women: life course analysis. Hypertension. 2005 Aug;46(2):280-6. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000173433.67426.9b. Epub 2005 Jun 27. PMID: 15983235.
- Wang T, Chen L, Yang T, Huang P, Wang L, Zhao L, Zhang S, Ye Z, Chen L, Zheng Z, Qin J. Congenital Heart Disease and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 May 21;8(10):e012030. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012030. PMID: 31070503; PMCID: PMC6585327.
- Laakso M. Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes from population to man to mechanisms: the Kelly West Award Lecture 2008. Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb;33(2):442-9. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0749. PMID: 20103560; PMCID: PMC2809299.
Stoke
- Ghozy, S., Zayan, A.H., El-Qushayri, A.E., Parker, K.E., Varney, J., Kallmes, K.M., Morsy, S., Abbas, A.S., Diestro, J.D.B., Dmytriw, A.A., Shah, J., Hassan, A.E. and Islam, S.M.S. (2022), Physical activity level and stroke risk in US population: A matched case–control study of 102,578 individuals. Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 9: 264-275. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51511
- Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Berger K, et al. Body Mass Index and the Risk of Stroke in Men. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(22):2557–2562. doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.22.2557
- Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, Rodgers A. Blood pressure and stroke: an overview of published reviews. Stroke. 2004 Mar;35(3):776-85. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000116869.64771.5A. Epub 2004 Feb 19. Corrected and republished in: Stroke. 2004 Apr;35(4):1024. PMID: 14976329.
Cancer
- Clegg LX, Reichman ME, Miller BA, Hankey BF, Singh GK, Lin YD, Goodman MT, Lynch CF, Schwartz SM, Chen VW, Bernstein L, Gomez SL, Graff JJ, Lin CC, Johnson NJ, Edwards BK. Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis: selected findings from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2009 May;20(4):417-35. doi: 10.1007/s10552-008-9256-0. Epub 2008 Nov 12. PMID: 19002764; PMCID: PMC2711979.
- Pelucchi C, Tramacere I, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Alcohol consumption and cancer risk. Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(7):983-90. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2011.596642. Epub 2011 Aug 24. PMID: 21864055.
- Update of Canada’s Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines: Final Report for Public Consultation: https://ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2022-08/CCSA-LRDG-Update-of-Canada%27s-LRDG-Final-report-for-public-consultation-en.pdf
- Hartono RK, Hamid SA, Hafizurrachman M. Do the Number of Cigarettes Smokes per Day Contribute to the Incident of Malignant Cancer? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019 May 25;20(5):1403-1408. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.5.1403. PMID: 31127899; PMCID: PMC6857885.
- Moore SC, Lee IM, Weiderpass E, Campbell PT, Sampson JN, Kitahara CM, Keadle SK, Arem H, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Adami HO, Blair CK, Borch KB, Boyd E, Check DP, Fournier A, Freedman ND, Gunter M, Johannson M, Khaw KT, Linet MS, Orsini N, Park Y, Riboli E, Robien K, Schairer C, Sesso H, Spriggs M, Van Dusen R, Wolk A, Matthews CE, Patel AV. Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Jun 1;176(6):816-25. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548. PMID: 27183032; PMCID: PMC5812009.
- Patel AV, Friedenreich CM, Moore SC, Hayes SC, Silver JK, Campbell KL, Winters-Stone K, Gerber LH, George SM, Fulton JE, Denlinger C, Morris GS, Hue T, Schmitz KH, Matthews CE. American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable Report on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cancer Prevention and Control. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Nov;51(11):2391-2402. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002117. PMID: 31626056; PMCID: PMC6814265.
- Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 24;348(17):1625-38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa021423. PMID: 12711737.
- Stocks T, Van Hemelrijck M, Manjer J, Bjørge T, Ulmer H, Hallmans G, Lindkvist B, Selmer R, Nagel G, Tretli S, Concin H, Engeland A, Jonsson H, Stattin P. Blood pressure and risk of cancer incidence and mortality in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project. Hypertension. 2012 Apr;59(4):802-10. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.189258. Epub 2012 Feb 21. PMID: 22353615.
- Kitahara CM, Berrington de González A, Freedman ND, Huxley R, Mok Y, Jee SH, Samet JM. Total cholesterol and cancer risk in a large prospective study in Korea. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 20;29(12):1592-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.5200. Epub 2011 Mar 21. PMID: 21422422; PMCID: PMC3082977.
- F. Turati,V. Edefonti,C. Bosetti,M. Ferraroni,M. Malvezzi,S. Franceschi,R. Talamini,M. Montella,F. Levi,L. Dal Maso,D. Serraino,J. Polesel,E. Negri,A. Decarli,C. La Vecchia. Family history of cancer and the risk of cancer: a network of case–control studies. Annals of Oncology, ISSN: 0923-7534, Vol: 24, Issue: 10, Page: 2651-2656. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt280
- Cuthbertson CC, Nichols HB, Tan X, Kucharska-Newton A, Heiss G, Joshu CE, Platz EA, Evenson KR. Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Television Viewing with Life Expectancy Cancer-Free at Age 50: The ARIC Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020 Dec;29(12):2617-2625. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0870. Epub 2020 Sep 25. PMID: 32978174; PMCID: PMC7710595.
COVID-19
- Peckham, H., de Gruijter, N.M., Raine, C. et al. Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission. Nat Commun 11, 6317 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19741-6
- Moran DP, Pires SM, Wyper GMA, Devleesschauwer B, Cuschieri S and Kabir Z (2022) Estimating the Direct Disability-Adjusted Life Years Associated With SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in the Republic of Ireland: The First Full Year. Int J Public Health 67:1604699. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604699
- Kumari P, Kumar A, Sinha C, Kumar A. COVID-19 Pandemic Prompts Changes to Pain and Palliative Care at Home. Indian J Palliat Care. 2020 Jun;26(Suppl 1):S180-S181. doi: 10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_178_20. Epub 2020 Jun 30. PMID: 33088118; PMCID: PMC7535014.
- Mamelund SE, Shelley-Egan C, Rogeberg O. The association between socioeconomic status and pandemic influenza: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 7;16(9):e0244346. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244346. PMID: 34492018; PMCID: PMC8423272.
- Simet SM, Sisson JH. Alcohol’s Effects on Lung Health and Immunity. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(2):199-208. PMID: 26695745; PMCID: PMC4590617.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590617/
- Clift AK, von Ende A, Tan PS, et al. Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort. Thorax 2022;77:65-73.: https://thorax.bmj.com/content/77/1/65
- Ezzatvar Y, Ramírez-Vélez R, Izquierdo M, et al
- Physical activity and risk of infection, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a systematic review and non-linear dose–response meta-analysis of data from 1 853 610 adults. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2022;56:1188-1193. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-105733
- Lee SW, Lee J, Moon SY, Jin HY, Yang JM, Ogino S, Song M, Hong SH, Abou Ghayda R, Kronbichler A, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Dragioti E, Smith L, Giovannucci E, Lee IM, Lee DH, Lee KH, Shin YH, Kim SY, Kim MS, Won HH, Ekelund U, Shin JI, Yon DK. Physical activity and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 related mortality in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Aug;56(16):901-912. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104203. Epub 2021 Jul 22. PMID: 34301715; PMCID: PMC8300550.
- Min Gao, Carmen Piernas, Nerys M Astbury, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Stephen O’Rahilly, Paul Aveyard, Susan A Jebb. Associations between body-mass index and COVID-19 severity in 6·9 million people in England: a prospective, community-based, cohort study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. Volume 9, Issue 6. 2021. Pages 350-359. ISSN 2213-8587. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00089-9.
- Sheppard JP, Nicholson BD, Lee J, McGagh D, Sherlock J, Koshiaris C, Oke J, Jones NR, Hinton W, Armitage L, Van Hecke O, Lay-Flurrie S, Bankhead CR, Liyanage H, Williams J, Ferreira F, Feher MD, Ashworth AJ, Joy MP, de Lusignan S, Hobbs FDR. Association Between Blood Pressure Control and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes in 45 418 Symptomatic Patients With Hypertension: An Observational Cohort Study. Hypertension. 2021 Mar 3;77(3):846-855. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16472. Epub 2020 Dec 16. PMID: 33325240; PMCID: PMC7884248.
Alzheimer’s Disease
- Fischer C, Yeung E, Hansen T, Gibbons S, Fornazzari L, Ringer L, Schweizer TA. Impact of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of dementia in an inner city memory disorders clinic. Int Psychogeriatr. 2009 Dec;21(6):1096-104. doi: 10.1017/S1041610209990846. Epub 2009 Aug 28. PMID: 19712540.
- Niu, Huikun MD; Qu, Yangming MD; Li, Zhijun MD; Wang, Rui MD; Li, Lu MD; Li, Meiqi MD; Lv, Xin MD; Gao, Chunshi MD; Song, Yuanyuan MD; Li, Bo PhD. Smoking and Risk for Alzheimer Disease: A Meta-Analysis Based on Both Case-Control and Cohort Study. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 206(9):p 680-685, September 2018. | DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000859
- Ihira H, Sawada N, Inoue M, et al. Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Disabling Dementia in Japan. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(3):e224590. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.4590
- Rahmani J, Roudsari AH, Bawadi H, Clark C, Ryan PM, Salehisahlabadi A, Rahimi Sakak F, Goodarzi N, Razaz JM. Body mass index and risk of Parkinson, Alzheimer, Dementia, and Dementia mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies among 5 million participants. Nutr Neurosci. 2022 Mar;25(3):423-431. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1758888. Epub 2020 Oct 27. PMID: 33107811.
- Power MC, Weuve J, Gagne JJ, McQueen MB, Viswanathan A, Blacker D. The association between blood pressure and incident Alzheimer disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology. 2011 Sep;22(5):646-59. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31822708b5. PMID: 21705906; PMCID: PMC3640480.
- Mielke MM, Zandi PP, Shao H, Waern M, Östling S, Guo X, Björkelund C, Lissner L, Skoog I, Gustafson DR. The 32-year relationship between cholesterol and dementia from midlife to late life. Neurology. 2010 Nov 23;75(21):1888-95. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181feb2bf. Epub 2010 Nov 10. PMID: 21068429; PMCID: PMC2995387.
- Cannon-Albright LA, Foster NL, Schliep K, Farnham JM, Teerlink CC, Kaddas H, Tschanz J, Corcoran C, Kauwe JSK. Relative risk for Alzheimer disease based on complete family history. Neurology. 2019 Apr 9;92(15):e1745-e1753. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007231. Epub 2019 Mar 13. PMID: 30867271; PMCID: PMC6511086.
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2010.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. QuickStats: Number of Deaths from 10 Leading Causes—National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2013:62(08);155.
- Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual Causes of Death in the United States. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 2004;291(10):1238–45.
- Guo Y, Zhang T, Wang Z, Yu F, Xu Q, Guo W, Wu C, He J. Body mass index and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A dose-response meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jul;95(28):e4225. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004225. PMID: 27428228; PMCID: PMC4956822.
- Kiani, F.Z., Ahmadi, A. Prevalence of different comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Shahrekord PERSIAN cohort study in southwest Iran. Sci Rep 11, 1548 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79707-y
- Zafirova-Ivanovska B, Stojkovikj J, Dokikj D, Anastasova S, Debresliovska A, Zejnel S, Stojkovikj D. The Level of Cholesterol in COPD Patients with Severe and Very Severe Stage of the Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2016 Jun 15;4(2):277-82. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.063. Epub 2016 May 24. PMID: 27335600; PMCID: PMC4908745.
- Li LS, Paquet C, Johnston K, Williams MT. “What are my chances of developing COPD if one of my parents has the disease?” A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of co-occurrence of COPD diagnosis in parents and offspring. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017 Jan 24;12:403-415. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S123933. PMID: 28182144; PMCID: PMC5279828.
- Berry CE, Wise RA. Mortality in COPD: causes, risk factors, and prevention. COPD. 2010 Oct;7(5):375-82. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2010.510160. PMID: 20854053; PMCID: PMC7273182.
Diabetes
- Saydah S, Lochner K. Socioeconomic status and risk of diabetes-related mortality in the U.S. Public Health Rep. 2010 May-Jun;125(3):377-88. doi: 10.1177/003335491012500306. PMID: 20433032; PMCID: PMC2848262.
- Pan A, Wang Y, Talaei M, Hu FB. Relation of Smoking With Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Circulation. 2015 Nov 10;132(19):1795-804. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017926. Epub 2015 Aug 26. PMID: 26311724; PMCID: PMC4643392.
- Heidi Tikkanen-Dolenc, Johan Wadén, Carol Forsblom, Valma Harjutsalo, Lena M. Thorn, Markku Saraheimo, Nina Elonen, Heikki O. Tikkanen, Per-Henrik Groop; on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group, Physical Activity Reduces Risk of Premature Mortality in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care 1 December 2017; 40 (12): 1727–1732. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0615
- Gao F, Wang ZJ, Shen H, Yang SW, Nie B, Zhou YJ. Impact of obesity on mortality in patients with diabetes: Meta-analysis of 20 studies including 250,016 patients. J Diabetes Investig. 2018 Jan;9(1):44-54. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12677. Epub 2017 Jun 8. PMID: 28593750; PMCID: PMC5754523.
- Jung HH, Park JI, Jeong JS. Incidence of diabetes and its mortality according to body mass index in South Koreans aged 40-79 years. Clin Epidemiol. 2017 Dec 7;9:667-678. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S146860. PMID: 29263705; PMCID: PMC5724411.
- Wise J. High blood pressure is linked to increased risk of diabetes BMJ 2015; 351 :h5167 doi: 10.1136/bmj.h5167
- Annis AM, Caulder MS, Cook ML, Duquette D. Family history, diabetes, and other demographic and risk factors among participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Prev Chronic Dis. 2005 Apr;2(2):A19. Epub 2005 Mar 15. PMID: 15888230; PMCID: PMC1327713. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1327713/
Drug Overdose
- Hedegaard H, Miniño AM, Spencer MR, Warner M. Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2020. NCHS Data Brief, no 428. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:112340
- Hall, O. Trent DO; Hall, Orman E. MA; McGrath, Ryan P. PhD; Haile, Zelalem T. PhD. Years of Life Lost due to Opioid Overdose in Ohio: Temporal and Geographic Patterns of Excess Mortality. Journal of Addiction Medicine 14(2):p 156-162, March/April 2020. | DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000554
- Dahlman, D., Ohlsson, H., Edwards, A.C. et al. Socioeconomic correlates of incident and fatal opioid overdose among Swedish people with opioid use disorder. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 16, 73 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-021-00409-3
- NIDA. “Cigarette Smoking Increases the Likelihood of Drug Use Relapse.” National Institute on Drug Abuse, 31 May. 2018, https://nida.nih.gov/news-events/nida-notes/2018/05/cigarette-smoking-increases-likelihood-drug-use-relapse
- Brellenthin AG, Lee DC. Physical Activity and the Development of Substance Use Disorders: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Prog Prev Med (N Y). 2018 May;3(3):e0018. doi: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000018. PMID: 30345414; PMCID: PMC6192057.
- Stokes A, Lundberg DJ, Hempstead K, Berry KM, Baker JF, Preston SH. Obesity and Incident Prescription Opioid Use in the U.S., 2000-2015. Am J Prev Med. 2020 Jun;58(6):766-775. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.018. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32229057.
Motor Vehicle Accident
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Center for Statistics and Analysis: https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/810853
- Sam Harper, Thomas J. Charters, Erin C. Strumpf, Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Motor Vehicle Accident Deaths in the United States, 1995–2010, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 182, Issue 7, 1 October 2015, Pages 606–614, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv099
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Fall
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Influenza and Pneumonia
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https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S378034
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis (Kidney Diseases)
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- Plantinga LC, Johansen KL, Schillinger D, Powe NR. Lower Socioeconomic Status and Disability Among US Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease, 1999-2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.110052
- Hilda O Hounkpatin, Simon D S Fraser, Matthew J Johnson, Scott Harris, Mark Uniacke, Paul J Roderick, The association of socioeconomic status with incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury, Clinical Kidney Journal, Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2020, Pages 245–252, https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfz113
- Choi, H.S., Han, KD., Oh, T.R. et al. Smoking and risk of incident end-stage kidney disease in general population: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study from Korea. Sci Rep 9, 19511 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56113-7
- Zhang F, Wang H, Wang W, Zhang H. The Role of Physical Activity and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review. Front Public Health. 2022 Feb 17;10:818921. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.818921. PMID: 35252096; PMCID: PMC8891147.
- Ouyang Y, Xie J, Yang M, Zhang X, Ren H, Wang W, Chen N. Underweight Is an Independent Risk Factor for Renal Function Deterioration in Patients with IgA Nephropathy. PLoS One. 2016 Sep 9;11(9):e0162044. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162044. PMID: 27611091; PMCID: PMC5017745.
- Herrington WG, Smith M, Bankhead C, Matsushita K, Stevens S, Holt T, Hobbs FD, Coresh J, Woodward M. Body-mass index and risk of advanced chronic kidney disease: Prospective analyses from a primary care cohort of 1.4 million adults in England. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 8;12(3):e0173515. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173515. PMID: 28273171; PMCID: PMC5342319.
- Wan EYF, Yu EYT, Chin WY, Fong DYT, Choi EPH, Lam CLK. Association of Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Disease in Hong Kong Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension. 2019 Aug;74(2):331-340. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13123. Epub 2019 Jun 24. PMID: 31230539; PMCID: PMC6635057.
- Madouros N, Jarvis S, Saleem A, Koumadoraki E, Sharif S, Khan S. Is There an Association Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Renal Failure? Cureus. 2022 Jun 21;14(6):e26149. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26149. PMID: 35891809; PMCID: PMC9302210.
- Salman Hussain, Mohammad Chand Jamali, Anwar Habib, Md Sarfaraj Hussain, Mohd Akhtar, Abul Kalam Najmi. Diabetic kidney disease: An overview of prevalence, risk factors, and biomarkers. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. Volume 9, 2021, Pages 2-6, ISSN 2213-3984. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.05.016.
Suicide
- National Institute of Mental Health > Mental Health Information > Statistics: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide
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- Grasdalsmoen M, Eriksen HR, Lønning KJ, Sivertsen B. Physical exercise, mental health problems, and suicide attempts in university students. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 16;20(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02583-3. PMID: 32299418; PMCID: PMC7164166.
- Klinitzke G, Steinig J, Blüher M, Kersting A, Wagner B. Obesity and suicide risk in adults–a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2013 Mar 5;145(3):277-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.010. Epub 2012 Aug 4. PMID: 22871535.
- Tanskanen A, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J, Viinamäki H, Lehtonen J, Puska P. High serum cholesterol and risk of suicide. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;157(4):648-50. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.648. PMID: 10739432.
- Qin P, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB. Suicide risk in relation to family history of completed suicide and psychiatric disorders: a nested case-control study based on longitudinal registers. Lancet. 2002 Oct 12;360(9340):1126-30. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11197-4. PMID: 12387960.
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (Liver Diseases)
- Roerecke M, Vafaei A, Hasan OSM, Chrystoja BR, Cruz M, Lee R, Neuman MG, Rehm J. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Oct;114(10):1574-1586. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000340. PMID: 31464740; PMCID: PMC6776700.
- David Marti-Aguado, Ana Clemente-Sanchez, Ramon Bataller, Cigarette smoking and liver diseases, Journal of Hepatology, Volume 77, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 191-205, ISSN 0168-8278, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.016.
- Schneider CV, Zandvakili I, Thaiss CA, Schneider KM. Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of liver disease in the prospective UK Biobank cohort. JHEP Rep. 2021 Mar 2;3(3):100263. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100263. PMID: 33898961; PMCID: PMC8056270.
- Ioannou GN, Weiss NS, Kowdley KV, Dominitz JA. Is obesity a risk factor for cirrhosis-related death or hospitalization? A population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2003 Oct;125(4):1053-9. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(03)01200-9. PMID: 14517789.
- Wu SJ, Zou H, Zhu GQ, Wang LR, Zhang Q, Shi KQ, Han JB, Huang WJ, Braddock M, Chen YP, Zheng MH. Increased levels of systolic blood pressure within the normal range are associated with significantly elevated risks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 May;94(19):e842. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000842. PMID: 25984671; PMCID: PMC4602585.
- López-Suárez A, Guerrero JM, Elvira-González J, Beltrán-Robles M, Cañas-Hormigo F, Bascuñana-Quirell A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with blood pressure in hypertensive and nonhypertensive individuals from the general population with normal levels of alanine aminotransferase. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Nov;23(11):1011-7. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834b8d52. PMID: 21915061.
- Martin Janičko, Eduard Veselíny, Dušan Leško, Peter Jarčuška, Serum cholesterol is a significant and independent mortality predictor in liver cirrhosis patients, Annals of Hepatology, Volume 12, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 413-419, ISSN 1665-2681, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31342-0.
Septicemia
- Kempker JA, Kramer MR, Waller LA, Martin GS. Risk Factors for Septicemia Deaths and Disparities in a Longitudinal US Cohort. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 15;5(12):ofy305. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy305. PMID: 30568980; PMCID: PMC6290783.
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- Zhang N, Liu Y, Yang C, Zeng P, Gong T, Tao L, Li X. Association between smoking and risk of death in patients with sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis. 2022 Jul 15;20:65. doi: 10.18332/tid/150340. PMID: 35903643; PMCID: PMC9284521.
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- Wang HE, Griffin R, Judd S, Shapiro NI, Safford MM. Obesity and risk of sepsis: a population-based cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Dec;21(12):E762-9. doi: 10.1002/oby.20468. Epub 2013 Jul 5. PMID: 23526732; PMCID: PMC3795990.
- Salive, M E;Wallace, R B;Ostfeld, A M;Satterfield, S;Havlik, R J; Risk factors for septicemia-associated mortality in older adults. 1993 Jul-Aug, Public Health Rep. 108(4):447-453, URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/63919